CHILD TUTORING cASE sTUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CHILD TUTORING cASE sTUDY - Essay Example The children are divided amongst the women depending on his or her age group. I was allowed to choose the grade level I preferred to work with and so I chose second grade. Therefore, I was assigned to tutor in Ms. Sally’s room. The children in this room ranged in age from six to nine years old. I worked with a nine year old African American girl that I will call Kayla. Kayla is in the third grade at a Birmingham public school. When I first met Kayla, I would have never guessed that she was only nine years old. Kayla is a very bright and intelligent child. However, she craves love and attention. I immediately noticed that she had a very firm tone and wanted things done her way or no way. So, I decided to just observe her on the first day, before beginning the tutoring. This allowed me the opportunity to observe her characteristics and how well she worked with other children. I engaged in â€Å"best practices† by using data and collecting information to find a selective approach to building a partnership with her. Kayla has a very distinctive personality and used her superior strength to intimidate others. She would walk in the classroom and demand items from the other children who were intimidated by her. This led me to believe that Kayla had older siblings, family m embers, or friends that treated her roughly. According to Dr. Jane St. Clair, children who act out in this manner are referred to as bullies. â€Å"Bullies usually have a sense of entitlement and superiority over others, and lack compassion, impulse control and social skills. They enjoy being cruel to others and sometimes use bullying as an anger management tool, the way a normally angry person would punch a pillow† (St. Clair, n.d.). I didn’t want Kayla to think I was there to just interview her, so I carefully made conversation and asked questions that gave me enough insight on her background. For example, I told Kayla I had one sister and two brothers. This

Human Factors in technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Factors in technology - Essay Example However, technology had to progress, since it was unthinkable to hinder its journey towards a better and easier world. The first significant change I had to experience was the decrease in human contact that the Credit/Debit Cards, ATMs and telephonic and electronic transfers caused. It seemed in the beginning that the career prospects of a banker will become bleak due to these developments. There seemed little scope in such a scenario for many of us who spent quality time to acquire communication and interpersonal skills as part of our job training. The entire concept of working in the front office had been changing very fast. Though it took time for me to get acquainted with the new system, many of my apprehensions were proven wrong as I learnt how these skills were still relevant, even more so, in the technologically advanced scenario. Moreover, there were many customers, especially senior citizens, who needed time to get accustomed to the changes. They needed assistance from us, and this led to a stronger link with the customers. Any new advancement in the field brought in situations where many c ustomers needed support from us, and the human interaction involved in banking did not in fact decrease over time, though its dimensions have changed, as in every aspect of life. The fact that my profession called for a clear knowledge of the technological aspects related to it was in fact a blessing in disguise. Many of my senior colleagues found it difficult to gain or update their computer and electronic communication skills. However, the younger generation who were more open to these changes and eager to keep abreast of the technological advancements got a chance to learn more through their job trainings and refresher courses. This had in fact made many of us capable of meeting the new challenges in banking and other fields as well. For many of us, it was also an opportunity to get familiarized with the international

Methods And Importance Of Note Making

Methods And Importance Of Note Making This book contains different note making methods which can be used during the academic period. Author has put forward five main note making methods as; Split-page format, Diagram/Pattern format, Mind map, Outline Format and Question and Prompt format aiming on FEST program. Author has discussed the importance, the advantages and disadvantages of each note making method. After having a main idea on each note making method author has experiment each method with FEST subjects. At the end author finalize that; Split page Format Communication Study Skills Diagram/Pattern Format Computer Technology Mind map Physics Outline Format Mathematics Question Prompt Format Ethics , as the most effective note making method for each subject. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The Importance of Note-Making During FEST program we meet many modules. With regarding to its own behavior we have to follow learning techniques to remember all the important points. As we cannot hold them all in our mind, we will have to use a record to gather all the information. To record something we have to improve our listening skills. As we record something we will have to pay our attention for our work. That record can help us to recall and understand the lesion in a later time and saves our time. So it is very important to make effective notes. During lectures, lecturer presents more information than shows in slides. Sometimes they give useful tips for assignments and for exams. So it is very important to write down hints. When we are in a classroom or in a lecture hall, we must concentrate our mind on the lesion to grab all the information and to comprehend the lesion. That kind of a concentration is built by making notes. So Note-making is very important as it involves us in the learning process. And whenever we read something we have to write down important points as we cannot hold them on mind. Making notes allows us to reduce the information in to manageable size. When we are studying for exams a lot of material has to be covered. The key points should be extracted from lecture notes and text books. It is an aid to exam revision. Making notes helps to think and understand the subject. The history of Note-Making goes far about 1979. Tony Buzan was the person who invented the concept of Mind Mapping. With using images and patterns he developed the main idea up to a successful invention. So now it has become most popular among most of the academic students. Types of Note-Making Methods Note-Making mainly involves with selecting, analyzing, summarizing and organizing information. Although there were many Note-Making methods with different strategies, we only consider five methods that suits for FEST program in this research. 1.2.1. Split-page Format. ( A narrative Note-Making method) In Split-Page Format method the page should be divided in to two columns and in one column there will be standard notes and in the other, the summery. This method can be used to write down lecture notes. 1.2.2. Diagram/Pattern Format. (A visual Note-Making method) In Diagram/Pattern method the information is presented with using a diagram. The main topic and the related ideas should be linked together as it implies a complete meaning. This is a kind of visual learning technique. 1.2.3. Mind Map. (A visual Note-Making method) In this method the information and important points are presented through a map which contains images. With linking one another, the information can be elaborated according to our own creativity. 1.2.4. Outline Format. (A narrative Note-Making method) In this format the information is presented as an outline with using titles, sub titles that are numbered according a procedure. 1.2.5. Question and Prompt Format. (A narrative Note-Making method) The main points of a lesion can be highlighted across a series of questions and with relevant answers. When taking lecture notes it should be more accurate and consisted. With improving the habit to use SQ3R technique it allows us to take most important points on lectures. After reorganizing them it reveal the way to review and revise the note. A note-Making method is only one category that comes under study skills. But up to now we can see more methods that can follow to achieve improvement in study. So we can follow any of them to reach the target. With the technological development the Note-Making method has stepped in to computer /notebook. So now it has changed its name as Electronic Note-making method. Most of the students use word processors because it is easy to forward. Objectives and Scope of Study Acquire the skills to make effective notes using various methods. Modules: Communication Study Skills Computer technology Physics Mathematics Engineering Ethics Note Format: Split-Page format Diagram/Pattern format Mind map Outline format Question Prompt format Through the research I have investigated different Note-Making methods. Five main Note-Making methods have taken to be concerned. The investigation covers the advantages, disadvantages and the feasibility of each method. And each Note-Making method is experimented with FEST modules. Module have been chosen concerning on its behavior and the relevance with the method as below; Split-Page format : Communication and Study Skills 2 Diagram/Pattern Format : Computer Technology 3 Mind-map : Physics 4 Outline Format : Mathematics 5 Question and Prompt Format : Ethics Acquire the skills in technical writing. Understand the requirements for a dissertation. Identify the main sections of a dissertation. Achieve proficiency in using soft tools to aid technical writing. Present critical and argumentative views. Learn to write, abstract and draw conclusions. Overview of Study Chapter 1 : 1.1 Importance of Note-Making. 1.2 Types of Note-Making methods. 1.3 Objectives and Scope of Study. 1.4 Overview of Study. Chapter 2 : 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Implementation of Different Note Formats in Various Fest Subjects. 2.2.1 Split-Page Format. 2.2.2 Diagram/Pattern Format. 2.2.3 Mind-Map. 2.2.4 Outline Format. 2.2.5 Question and Prompt Format. 2.3 Discussions and Conclusions. Chapter 3 : 3.1 Study Contributions 3.2 Recommendations for Future Developments in Note-Making Methods. REFERENCES. CHAPTER 2 EFFECTIVE NOTE-MAKING METHODS FOR FEST PROGRAM 2.1 Introduction In the lectures we have to take a much struggle to catch all the important points and to understand with them. So it is very important to get prepared before the lectures with referring to past lectures and with the things to be taught. After deciding the Note method according to frame work we will be able to have a good Note which concludes all main points. When writing down the main points abbreviations, phrases and images can be helpful to manage the time. This chapter concludes five main Note-making methods and their adoption in FEST modules. When selecting the appropriate Note-Making method, the behavior of each subject had to be considered. Communication and Study Skills is based on both theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge. Methods like Split-Page, Outline and Question-Prompt can be used to make CSS notes. But Split-Page format becomes most suitable as it carries standard notes and summery. Computer technology holds theory as well as practical. In most theory parts it concludes title, sub titles definitions and examples. CT notes can be summarized with a unique pattern like a diagram. So Diagram Format is the most suitable method which complies with CT notes. If we talk about Physics, it is a combination of theory, practical and calculations. Mind map can be used to emphasize the formulas, definitions and the key ideas in an illustrative manner. As Mathematics carry formulas, definitions and calculations, Outline Format can be used to make notes on theories as well as calculations. Ethics is mainly based on theory. So through Question and Prompt Format all the notes can be factorized. We should have a sense to select the most suitable method in various occasions. 2.2 Implementation of Different Note Formats in Various Fest Subjects The information and data needed, When making notes we copy the main points on lectures as well as text books. And we will have to refer web sources, journals, reports and articles to gain extra knowledge. The questions that rise during lectures and our own ideas hold an importance. All the types of data should be presented through a simple note. The data collection strategy, When making a note we have to follow a data collection strategy. First of all we will have to make a specific objective and a clear definition on the data collection. Second thing is the data collecting mode. It can be quantitative or qualitative. In quantitative data collection strategy it is easy to read and transfer. But in qualitative data collection strategy it needs a long time to differentiate and find out. Otherwise the data mode can be evaluated after deciding it as simple, complex or difficult. The conditions applied in notes, Note-Making is not an easy task as it appears. It needs skills to result a better product. We should find materials that are not too difficult or complex. In this case well organized material can help to reduce time. We have a good note after selecting, analyzing, summarizing and organizing those materials. 2.2.1 Split-Page Format The easiest method to take down notes is Split-Page Format method. In this method the page should be divided in to two parts. The left side must have a width of 2.5 inches and the right side must have 6 inches. The right side is to note down the lecture notes and the important points. And the left is to write the key words and the summery of the notes. But in some books it is said that page should be divide in to three sections and in the left side it is for own comments and questions, the next part is for write down standard notes and the last part is for the summery. So we can use either way to make a good note. Advantages : This method is mainly composed to make lecture notes. And it produces a well organized note. When revising the note, the summery and highlighted points make it much easier. As we note down the questions that comes through the lesion, when recalling the lesion we can make much attention for those problems. Disadvantages : This kind of a note is not visually attracted. We will have to write down all the main points in the right side, so it takes much time. Feasibility : The main points, questions and summery is overviewed together. Speed reading techniques; Basic steps lead for an effective reading. SQ3R, SQ4R, SQ5R S Survey Q Question 5R Read, Recite, Reduce, Reflect, Review SPEED READING TECHNIQUES; SQ3R -1.a useful technology for absorbing written information. 2.It helps to create a good mental framework of a subject 3.it helps to set study goals. S Survey Q Question 3R Read, Recite, Review SQ4R method, S Survey Q Question 4R Read, Recite, Relate, Review SQ5R method, S Survey Q Question 5R Read , Respond, Record, Recite, Review FIGURE 2.1 : Examples of Communication and Study Skills Note using Split-Page Format. 2.2.2 Diagram/Pattern Format This method is more visual than the Split-Page format method. According to this method the information can be displayed through a pattern as diagram. The main topic is to be written at the top of the page. After that the related ideas should be added. The main topic and the sub topics/ideas should be connected each other as it arouses a complete sense. Advantages : Very easy to use and it doesnt take much time to draw diagrams. It is much attractive and therefore it makes very convenient when recalling. Through diagram format it is easy to remember the information. Disadvantages : When using Diagram format method we will have to limit the points. Therefore some key points can be neglected. The main idea is not viewable, only the important points are viewable. It is not easy to extent when information is lot. It is difficult to state complicated ideas through such a short format. Feasibility : Through this method the main idea can be presented as a flow of key points. Computer Network Definition Purpose (4) Network classification (6) Network archi Scale Wireless Tech Wired tech Connection method Network topology Terrestrial microwave Wireless Lan Blue Tooth Communication satellite Lan Wan Man Pan VPN CAN Active Working Client Server Peer to Peer Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Fiber Optics Ethernet Wireless Lan GHn Bus Star Ring Mesh FIGURE 2.2 : Examples of Computer Technology Note using Diagram Format. 2.2.3 Mindmap Mind mapping method is bit difficult than other methods as it needs critical thinking. It is a composition of both images and words which present a lot of information through creativity. This method differs with other traditional methods as it is based on many skills such like, thinking planning, organizing and concerning. The topic/heading should be displayed at the middle of the page. The key ideas and the concepts are the next to be noted. The topics and sub topics can be highlighted with using many shapes. But all the concepts are to be added in a short format. Symbols and images can be added as the suitability. The concepts and their topics should be linked with free lines or arrows. To make it more attractive we can follow many colors as accordance. Advantages : It is easy to learn and apply and helps to reveal inner abilities as creativity. It provides a summery in a illustrative way. And it is easy to extend and add more points. Disadvantages : Only the person who have made it can understand, others cant. It is hard to express much complex concepts through Mind mapping. This method cannot be used to take instant notes. Feasibility : Make the subject more illustrative and comprehensive with its nature. 2.2.4 Outline Format When we are taking usual notes, the Outline Format is mostly used. Actually this method is based on organizing information with using a numbering system. It should be started with an initial topic written as no.1. After that the sub topics should be displayed as 1.1,1.2,1.3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The descriptions that are under those sub topics can be numbered as a),b),c)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦When we choose another topic it should be displayed as no.2.The relationship is shown by the order of the numbers.Otherwise the topics can be started at the margin and then the subtopics can be indented. Advantages : It is easy to learn and easy to use. This method can be used to take notes in the classroom. There will not be any information loss as it is well organized. It is very easy to understand as it is more descriptive. Disadvantages : It doesnt include a summery and the important ideas hidden among the details. So this is not a good method to recall before exams. 1.Transformation 1.1. Translation a. Vertical shift (y=f(x)+k), a.1 Vertical shift up; (k > 0) a.2 Vertical shift down;(k b. Horizontal shift (y= f(x-h)), b.1 Horizontal shift to the right; (h > 0) b.2 Horizontal shift to the left; (h 1.2. Compression and Stretch a. Vertical Stretch and Compression; (y = a.f(x)) a.1 Vertical Stretch;(a>1) a.2 Vertical Compression;(0 b. Horizontal Stretch and Compression; (y = f(a.x) b.1 Horizontal Stretch;(0 b.2 Horizontal Compression;(a>1) Feasibility : Most of the subjects are accordance with the Outline Format. FIGURE 2.4 : Examples of Mathematics Note using Outline Format. 2.2.5 Question and Prompt Format This method is more likely with Split-page method. But the difference being that, in QP method the questions that are based on study objectives will be displayed in the left side. And in the right side there should be the answer for that question. When we make questions we will have to go through all the lesions and to catch main points. This kind of a procedure makes the subject more understandable. Advantages : When we are going through text books or study guides, it is very important to note down the question arouses and their answers in order to use them near exams. The things that are more concern able are highlighted, so it is very important. Disadvantages : There is no summery, Only the important points are highlighted. Therefore whenever we want something in detail we will have to refer back to the text books. There are no any visual aids, so it doesnt make any pleasant feeling when seeing notes. Feasibility : This format has the ability to enhance the main points in a Question prompt way. Moral principles governing the rights and wrongs of human conduct. The principles that are accepted by individuals or social groups. Self-Interest, Tribalism, civil society It is the field of applied ethics which sets standards for engineering obligations to the public, their clients and the profession. Goal-moral autonomy, underlying skills and proficiencies. Moral principles, utilitarianism, justice model, human rights model Engineering Ethics; 1.What are ethics? 2.Why study ethics? 3.What are engineering ethics? 4.What are the Objectives of studying engineering ethics? 5.What are the ethical decision models? FIGURE 2.5 : Example of Engineering Ethics Notes using Question and Prompt Format. 2.3 Discussion and Conclusions Although there were many Note-making methods all of them are based on summarizing, organizing, analyzing and selecting important factors. We meet different modules, when we go through FEST program. With regarding to the feasibility of each Note-making method, we have to select most comparable format to use with subjects. When we are making ordinary notes in the class room, Outline Format is the most suitable one to use. When we are taking lecture notes Split-Page Format becomes most suitable as it consist of details as well as summery. Diagram/Pattern Format and Mind-mapping method can be considered as visual methods. Although Diagram Format method is easy to use and learn than the Mind-Mapping method, there occur problems in expanding data area in Diagram method. Mind-Mapping method is more famous among the present generation as it vast many abilities. As the first thing, it is to choose the most suitable Note-making method for the subject. It helps to remember more information that can be used in a later time. And also it makes much easier to recall the subject. CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IN NOTE-MAKING METHODS 3.1 Study Contributions Through this research I was able to discover different Note-Making methods which suits for FEST modules. By then I could acquire the skills to make effective notes. Additionally I was introduced to technical writing criteria. It helped me to recognize the main qualities and behavior of a technical writing system. More overly this report made me aware on the requirements of a dissertation and its main sections. Most of the knowledge has to be caught from web sources. And that thing taught me, how I can contribute soft tools for such a research. Mainly I could accomplish most of the objectives as I was expected. 3.2 Recommendations for Future Development in Note-making Methods For future development in Note-Making, we can use more abbreviations and short hands for a better time management. We can improve this skill by involving with official shorthand language more time. As a memory aid mnemonics can be added to our notes. With highlighting, annotating and underlining key points, we will be able to notice most important factors. Dating and numbering pages will also be helpful when organizing the lesions. Making notes on our own words helps to comprehend the lesion. There should be a space for critical comments as well as blank spaces. So I think that sort of thing can make a change in Note-making methods in near future.

The Transformation of Hester in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Transformation of Hester in The Scarlet Letter The Puritans came from England in the sixteen hundreds to break free from the laws and regulations made by the king of England. In the new world, they were able to practice their own form of religion. The Puritans believed in God and His laws. "A Young Puritan's Code" was "Being sensible, that I am unable to do anything without God's help, I do humbly entreat him by his grace to enable me to keep these resolutions so far as they are agreeable to his will, for Christ sake." (Jonathan Edwards) And they had over fourteen resolutions to keep. Although this is Jonathan Edwards interpretation, it was most likely the way the Puritan lived. And they probably obeyed it out of fear for their life. For sinners are in the hands of a angry God. Many years later Nathaniel Hawthorn was greatly interested by the Puritans. This 19th-century American novelist, was born on July 4, in Salem, Massachusetts, and died May 11, 1864. He was the first American writer to apply artistic judgment to Puritan society. He was intrigued by the psychological insight into the complexities of human motivations and actions. In The Scarlet Letter, he expressed one of the central legacies of American Puritanism, using the plight of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale to illustrate the conflict between the desire to confess and the necessity of self-concealment. Hawthorne grew up with his two sisters and their widowed mother, and an uncle saw to his education at Bowdoin College. In 1852, Hawthorne wrote the campaign biography of Franklin Pierce, an old college friend. The best of Hawthorn's early fiction was gathered in Twice-Told Tales, Mosses from an Old Manse, and The Snow-Image. These capture the complexity's of the New England Puritan heritage. Hawthorne's writing had a wide range of influence upon people, such as Melville who dedicated the great classic Moby-Dick to him. One of Hawthorne's most famous novels is The Scarlet Letter. One of his characters (Hester Prynne) is changed throughout the novel. Hester changes three different times, from being a shamed woman to a capable women and then to a healer. Hester Prynne emerges from the prison, proud and beautiful wearing

Hookworm Dermatitis in Dogs

Hookworm dermatitis is also called ancylostomiasis or uncinariasis dermatitis. Lesions occur as a result of the skin penetration of the third stage larvae of Uncinaria stenocephala and Ancylostoma spp. The larvae are located in the soil that the animals contact. Lesions are more often associated with Uncinaria stenocephala infestation. Uncinaria stenocephala rarely completes its life cycle by skin penetration, however, Ancylostoma spp can.The larvae enter the skin primarily at areas of scaling skin but, occasionally they may enter via hair follicles. Signs of Hookworm Dermatitis The condition is more frequently noticed in hookworm infested dogs that are housed on dirt runs with poor sanitation. Lesions are primarily located on the feet but, they may be seen on any area of the skin that contacts the ground. Erythematous papules are present initially but, chronically affected skin often becomes red, thickened and alopecic. The skin on the footpads often becomes thickened.The interdigit al spaces may be red, and the feet may eventually become soft and spongy especially at the pad margins. The nails may grow faster, become deformed and in severe cases break off. Arthritis may be present. Itchiness is always present but it can vary in intensity. Animals are irritable and lick their feet. Diagnosis of Hookworm Dermatitis Pelodera dermatitis is considered a possible diagnosis when a dog kept outdoors on straw bedding has itchy, alopecic and crusting dermatitis on skin that is in contact with the ground.A positive fecal exam for hookworm eggs provides supporting evidence but does not confirm a diagnosis. Skin scraping is an easy, fast, inexpensive and reliable method for the diagnosis of Pelodera dermatitis. Treatment of Hookworm Dermatitis All affected and in-contact dogs should be given appropriate antihelminthic treatment and a prophylactic program should be started. Frequent removal of feces from the runs and kennels as well as improved sanitation should be performe d.Therapy consists of routine worming with thiabendazole, fenbendazole, or levamizole and improving sanitation. Oral antibiotics were used in cases with confirmed or suspected concurrent bacterial infection. Since decaying organic matter is a typical habitat of P. strongyloides, removal of straw bedding from the kennel is imperative to allow successful medical treatment. Discarding moist or dirty bedding and replacing it with clean, dry bedding is the first step taken in treating our Pelodera dermatitis cases.

Early history of Islam Essay

Islam is a religion base upon the surrender to God who is one. The very name of the religion, al-islam in Arabic, means at once submission and peace, for it is in submitting to God’s Will that human beings achieve peace in their lives in this world and in the hereafter. The message of Islam concerns God, who in Arabic is called Allah, and it addresses itself to humanity’s most deep nature. It concerns men and women as they were created by God–not as fallen beings. Islam for that reason considers itself to be not an innovation but a reassertion of the universal truth of all revelation which is God’s Oneness. Moreover, beginning as the faith of a small community of believers in Arabia in the seventh century, Islam quickly becomes one of the main world religions. The core of this faith is the faith that Muhammad (c. 570-632), a respected businessman in Mecca, a commercial and religious center in western Arabia, received revelations from God that have been conserved in the Koran. The heart of this revealed message is the confirmation that â€Å"there is no god but Allah (The God), and Muhammad is the messenger of God. † The term Islam comes from the Arabic word-root s-l-m, which has a common reference to peace and submission. Particularly, Islam means submission to the will of God, and a Muslim is one who makes that submission. This submission or act of Islam means living a life of devotion and practice as defined in the Koran and participating in the life of the community of believers. The core of this Islamic life is typically said to be the Five Pillars of Islam: openly bearing witness to the basic affirmation of faith; saying prescribed prayers five times a day; fasting during the month of Ramadan; giving a tithe or alms for support of the poor; and making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once throughout the believer’s lifetime, if this is possible. In addition, Muslims believe that Islam is the essential monotheistic faith proclaimed by prophets throughout history. The Koran is not seen as presenting a new revelation but rather as providing a complete, precise, and therefore final record of the message that had previously been given to Abraham, Jesus, and other earlier prophets. As the basis for a historical community and tradition of faith, nevertheless, Islam begins in Mecca with the life and work of Muhammad in the early seventh century. Islam possesses a religious law called al-Shari’ah in Arabic which govern the life of Muslims and which Muslims regard as to be the incarnation of the Will of God. The Shari’ah is contained in principle in the Koran as elaborated and complemented by the Sunnah. On the basis of these principles the schools of law which are followed by all Muslims to this day were developed early in Islamic history. This Law, while being rooted in the sources of the Islamic revelation, is a living body of law which caters to the desires of Islamic society. Islamic laws are fundamentally preventive and are not based on unkind punishment except as a last measure. The faith of the Muslim causes him to have respect for the rights of others and Islamic Law is such that it prevents misbehavior from taking place in most instances. That is why what people consider to be unforgiving punishments are so seldom in need of being applied. Furthermore, the spread of Islam was not restricted to its amazing early expansion outside of Arabia. During later centuries the Turks embraced Islam serenely as did a large number of the people of the Indian subcontinent and the Malay-speaking world. In Africa as well, Islam has spread during the past two centuries even under the strong power of European colonial rulers. Nowadays Islam continues to grow not only in Africa but as well in Europe and America where Muslims now comprise a prominent minority. References: Exploring the Ancient world Cultures, Retrieved on November 29, 2006 at http://eawc. evansville. edu/ispage. htm Historiography of early Islam, Retrieved on November 29, 2006 at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam